Advances in Treatment for Hair Loss

Hair loss, or alopecia, comprises a diverse group of disorders with distinct underlying mechanisms and clinical presentations. It is broadly classified into non-cicatricial (non-scarring) and cicatricial (scarring) alopecia, with the potential for regrowth depending on preservation of the hair follicle. Current management includes established pharmacological treatments such as minoxidil and finasteride, alongside combination therapy and emerging approaches targeting hair-follicle biology. Advances in drug delivery, injectable and regenerative treatments, cell-based therapies, extracellular vesicles, targeted therapies for non-scarring alopecias, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and hair restoration have expanded the therapeutic landscape. However, these approaches differ in their level of clinical evidence and maturity. Standardization of treatment protocols, comparative clinical studies, and longer-term evaluation remain important for defining the clinical role of emerging therapies.